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	<title>我不是蜜斯佛陀</title>
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		<title>math joke</title>
		<link>http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2011/10/31/math-joke/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2011 10:32:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Others]]></category>
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		<title>線上微積分工具</title>
		<link>http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2011/10/09/%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e5%be%ae%e7%a9%8d%e5%88%86%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Oct 2011 08:51:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Others]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calculus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[online tool]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[線上微分以及偏微分：http://library.wolfram.com/webMathematica/Education/WalkD.jsp 線上積分：http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=412&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>線上微分以及偏微分：<a href="http://library.wolfram.com/webMathematica/Education/WalkD.jsp">http://library.wolfram.com/webMathematica/Education/WalkD.jsp</a></p>
<p>線上積分：<a href="http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp">http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp</a></p>
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		<title>三角函數</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Sep 2011 13:40:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[雜記]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[其實我一直都記不住 , latex \sin(\pi), \cos(\pi)$, 的值， 所以當時我都會直接把這些值背下來， 也因此現在對它的記憶就只剩下 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0 了。<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=409&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>其實我一直都記不住 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csin%280%29%2C+%5Ccos%280%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;sin(0), &#92;cos(0)' title='&#92;sin(0), &#92;cos(0)' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csin%28%5Cpi%2F2%29%2C+%5Ccos%28%5Cpi%2F2%29%2C+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;sin(&#92;pi/2), &#92;cos(&#92;pi/2), ' title='&#92;sin(&#92;pi/2), &#92;cos(&#92;pi/2), ' class='latex' />latex \sin(\pi), \cos(\pi)$, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csin%283%5Cpi%2F2%29%2C+%5Ccos%283%5Cpi%2F2%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;sin(3&#92;pi/2), &#92;cos(3&#92;pi/2)' title='&#92;sin(3&#92;pi/2), &#92;cos(3&#92;pi/2)' class='latex' /> 的值，</p>
<p>所以當時我都會直接把這些值背下來，</p>
<p>也因此現在對它的記憶就只剩下 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0 了。</p>
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		<title>我與數學</title>
		<link>http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2011/09/27/%e6%88%91%e8%88%87%e6%95%b8%e5%ad%b8/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Sep 2011 13:39:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[雜記]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[我一直不是因為數學好才讀數學系，而是因為覺得當數學家很了不起才讀數學系的。 國小一直處在普通階段，只有比別人會算雞兔同籠問題。 國中始終搞不懂時針分針重疊的問題，但是知道一天 24 小時這兩者只會重疊 22 次。 高中只拿過一次數學 100 分，而同一次段考拿 100 的都已經是博士了。 大學成績頗差，又沒有一技之長，只得考比較少人的數學所來緩徵。 研究所做的東西是在跑操場時想出來的，所以也沒什麼了不起，只有在找工作面試時可以拖時間。<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=407&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>我一直不是因為數學好才讀數學系，而是因為覺得當數學家很了不起才讀數學系的。</p>
<p>國小一直處在普通階段，只有比別人會算雞兔同籠問題。</p>
<p>國中始終搞不懂時針分針重疊的問題，但是知道一天 24 小時這兩者只會重疊 22 次。</p>
<p>高中只拿過一次數學 100 分，而同一次段考拿 100 的都已經是博士了。</p>
<p>大學成績頗差，又沒有一技之長，只得考比較少人的數學所來緩徵。</p>
<p>研究所做的東西是在跑操場時想出來的，所以也沒什麼了不起，只有在找工作面試時可以拖時間。</p>
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		<title>高中數學</title>
		<link>http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2011/04/22/%e9%ab%98%e4%b8%ad%e6%95%b8%e5%ad%b8/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Apr 2011 05:56:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[無數不學]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ALGEBRA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inequality]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Proof : Let A = , we can rewrite A as . Since and , then A. Let B = , since , then A&#60;B. Thus , that is<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=391&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Proof : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1999%7D+%3C+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D+%5Ctimes+frac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B6%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cldots+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B1997%7D%7B1998%7D+%3C+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B44%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{2} &#92;times frac{3}{4} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{6} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1998} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{44} ' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{2} &#92;times frac{3}{4} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{6} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1998} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{44} ' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Let A = <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B6%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cldots+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B1997%7D%7B1998%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{2} &#92;times &#92;frac{3}{4} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{6} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1998}' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{2} &#92;times &#92;frac{3}{4} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{6} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1998}' class='latex' /> , we can rewrite A as <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle++%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B4%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cldots+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B1997%7D%7B1996%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1998%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle  &#92;frac{3}{2} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{4} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1996} &#92;times &#92;frac{1}{1998} ' title='&#92;displaystyle  &#92;frac{3}{2} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{4} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1996} &#92;times &#92;frac{1}{1998} ' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Since <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1999%7D+%3C+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1998%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{1998}' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{1998}' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle++1+%3C+%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B4%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cldots+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B1997%7D%7B1996%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle  1 &lt; &#92;frac{3}{2} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{4} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1996}' title='&#92;displaystyle  1 &lt; &#92;frac{3}{2} &#92;times &#92;frac{5}{4} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1997}{1996}' class='latex' />, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1999%7D+%3C+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; ' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; ' class='latex' /> A.</p>
<p>Let B = <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B3%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B5%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B7%7D+%5Ctimes+%5Cldots+%5Ctimes+%5Cfrac%7B1998%7D%7B1999%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{2}{3} &#92;times &#92;frac{4}{5} &#92;times &#92;frac{6}{7} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1998}{1999}' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{2}{3} &#92;times &#92;frac{4}{5} &#92;times &#92;frac{6}{7} &#92;times &#92;ldots &#92;times &#92;frac{1998}{1999}' class='latex' />, since <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7Bi-1%7D%7Bi%7D+%3C+%5Cfrac%7Bi%7D%7Bi%2B1%7D%2C+%5Cforall+i&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{i-1}{i} &lt; &#92;frac{i}{i+1}, &#92;forall i' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{i-1}{i} &lt; &#92;frac{i}{i+1}, &#92;forall i' class='latex' />, then A&lt;B.</p>
<p>Thus <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cmbox%7BA%7D%5E2+%3C+%5Cmbox%7BA%7D%5Ctimes%5Cmbox%7BB%7D+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1999%7D+%3C+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1936%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;mbox{A}^2 &lt; &#92;mbox{A}&#92;times&#92;mbox{B} = &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{1936}' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;mbox{A}^2 &lt; &#92;mbox{A}&#92;times&#92;mbox{B} = &#92;frac{1}{1999} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{1936}' class='latex' />, that is <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cmbox%7BA%7D+%3C+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B44%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;mbox{A} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{44}' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;mbox{A} &lt; &#92;frac{1}{44}' class='latex' /></p>
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		<title>92年國安局三等考數理組初等數論(四)</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 2010 04:52:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[無數不學]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ALGEBRA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NUMBER THEOREY]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[題目：證明對所有整數 , 不是整數。 解答：Suppose we have know that For every integer , then or mod 4. Then or mod 4. So is not an integer<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=377&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>題目：證明對所有整數 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%2C+y&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='x, y' title='x, y' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2By%5E2-3%7D%7B4%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{x^2+y^2-3}{4} ' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{x^2+y^2-3}{4} ' class='latex' /> 不是整數。</p>
<p>解答：Suppose we have know that</p>
<blockquote><p>
For every integer <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n ' title='n ' class='latex' />, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%5E2%5Cequiv+1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n^2&#92;equiv 1' title='n^2&#92;equiv 1' class='latex' /> or <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='0' title='0' class='latex' /> mod 4.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2By%5E2-3+%5Cequiv+3%2C+2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='x^2+y^2-3 &#92;equiv 3, 2' title='x^2+y^2-3 &#92;equiv 3, 2' class='latex' /> or <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='1' title='1' class='latex' /> mod 4. </p>
<p>So <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2By%5E2-3%7D%7B4%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{x^2+y^2-3}{4} ' title='&#92;displaystyle &#92;frac{x^2+y^2-3}{4} ' class='latex' /> is not an integer</p>
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		<title>92年國安局三等考數理組初等數論(三)</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 2010 04:44:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[無數不學]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[題目：證明1001! （階乘）以249 個零為結尾。 解答：[1001/5] + [1001/25] + [1001/125] + [1001/625] = 200 + 40 + 8 + 1 = 249 , where [] means floor function<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=374&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>題目：證明1001! （階乘）以249 個零為結尾。</p>
<p>解答：[1001/5] + [1001/25] + [1001/125] + [1001/625] = 200 + 40 + 8 + 1 = 249</p>
<p>, where [] means <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions">floor function</a></p>
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		<title>92年國安局三等考數理組初等數論(二)</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 2010 04:39:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[無數不學]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[題目：設 是整數。如果 證明這三個數中必有一個是 7 的倍數。 解答：Suppose we have know that For every integer which is not divisible by 7, then or mod 7. Assume are not divisible by 7, then or mod 7. However or mod 7, then mod 7. &#8230; <a href="http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2010/12/13/92%e5%b9%b4%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%89%e5%b1%80%e4%b8%89%e7%ad%89%e8%80%83%e6%95%b8%e7%90%86%e7%b5%84%e5%88%9d%e7%ad%89%ef%a5%a9%ef%a5%81%e4%ba%8c/">繼續閱讀 <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=368&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>題目：設 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%2C+y%2C+z&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='x, y, z' title='x, y, z' class='latex' /> 是整數。如果 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E3+%2B+y%5E3+%3D+z%5E3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='x^3 + y^3 = z^3' title='x^3 + y^3 = z^3' class='latex' /> 證明這三個數中必有一個是 7 的倍數。</p>
<p>解答：Suppose we have know that </p>
<blockquote><p>
For every integer <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n ' title='n ' class='latex' /> which is not divisible by 7, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%5E3%5Cequiv+1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n^3&#92;equiv 1' title='n^3&#92;equiv 1' class='latex' />  or <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='-1' title='-1' class='latex' /> mod 7.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Assume <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%2C+y&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='x, y' title='x, y' class='latex' /> are not divisible by 7, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E3+%2B+y%5E3%5Cequiv+2%2C+0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='x^3 + y^3&#92;equiv 2, 0' title='x^3 + y^3&#92;equiv 2, 0' class='latex' /> or <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='-2' title='-2' class='latex' /> mod 7. </p>
<p>However <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z%5E3%5Cequiv+1%2C+0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='z^3&#92;equiv 1, 0' title='z^3&#92;equiv 1, 0' class='latex' />  or <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='-1' title='-1' class='latex' /> mod 7, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z%5E3%5Cequiv+0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='z^3&#92;equiv 0' title='z^3&#92;equiv 0' class='latex' />  mod 7.</p>
<p>That means <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='z ' title='z ' class='latex' /> is divisible by 7.</p>
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		<title>92年國安局三等考數理組初等數論(一)</title>
		<link>http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2010/12/13/92%e5%b9%b4%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%89%e5%b1%80%e4%b8%89%e7%ad%89%e8%80%83%e6%95%b8%e7%90%86%e7%b5%84%e5%88%9d%e7%ad%89%ef%a5%a9%ef%a5%81%e4%b8%80/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 2010 04:28:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[無數不學]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ALGEBRA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[binomial coefficient]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NUMBER THEOREY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[solutions]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[題目：設 是質數， 是整數，如果 是整數，證明 也是整數。 解答：Suppose we have know the following lemma If is prime, then is divisible by if and only if nonnegative integer For convenience, let and , where is also an integer. Then we can rewrite as &#8230; <a href="http://mathfat.wordpress.com/2010/12/13/92%e5%b9%b4%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%89%e5%b1%80%e4%b8%89%e7%ad%89%e8%80%83%e6%95%b8%e7%90%86%e7%b5%84%e5%88%9d%e7%ad%89%ef%a5%a9%ef%a5%81%e4%b8%80/">繼續閱讀 <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=340&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>題目：設 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p ' title='p ' class='latex' /> 是質數，<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2C+b+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='a, b ' title='a, b ' class='latex' /> 是整數，如果 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Ep-b%5Ep%7D%7Bp%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p} ' title='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p} ' class='latex' /> 是整數，證明 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Ep-b%5Ep%7D%7Bp%5E2%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p^2} ' title='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p^2} ' class='latex' /> 也是整數。</p>
<p>解答：Suppose we have know the following lemma</p>
<blockquote><p>If <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p ' title='p ' class='latex' /> is prime, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B+p+%5Cchoose+k%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='{ p &#92;choose k} ' title='{ p &#92;choose k} ' class='latex' /> is divisible by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' /> if and only if nonnegative integer <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k%5Cneq+0%2C+p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='k&#92;neq 0, p' title='k&#92;neq 0, p' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p>For convenience, let <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Ep-b%5Ep%7D%7Bp%7D+%3D+n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p} = n' title='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p} = n' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a+%3D+b%2Bc+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='a = b+c ' title='a = b+c ' class='latex' />, where <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=c&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='c' title='c' class='latex' /> is also an integer. </p>
<p>Then we can rewrite <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n ' title='n ' class='latex' /> as </p>
<blockquote><p>
<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle%5Cfrac%7B%28b%2Bc%29%5Ep-b%5Ep%7D%7Bp%7D+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%5Csum_%7Bk%3D1%7D%5E%7Bp-1%7D%7B+p+%5Cchoose+k%7Dc%5E%7Bk%7Db%5E%7Bp-k%7D+%2B+c%5Ep%7D%7Bp%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{(b+c)^p-b^p}{p} = &#92;frac{&#92;sum_{k=1}^{p-1}{ p &#92;choose k}c^{k}b^{p-k} + c^p}{p} ' title='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{(b+c)^p-b^p}{p} = &#92;frac{&#92;sum_{k=1}^{p-1}{ p &#92;choose k}c^{k}b^{p-k} + c^p}{p} ' class='latex' />
</p></blockquote>
<p>Since <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n ' title='n ' class='latex' /> is an integer, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=c%5Ep+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='c^p ' title='c^p ' class='latex' /> is divisible by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' />. </p>
<p>Thus <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=c+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='c ' title='c ' class='latex' /> is also divisible by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p ' title='p ' class='latex' />, since <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p ' title='p ' class='latex' /> is prime.</p>
<p>Then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B+p+%5Cchoose+k%7Dc%5E%7Bk%7Db%5E%7Bp-k%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='{ p &#92;choose k}c^{k}b^{p-k}' title='{ p &#92;choose k}c^{k}b^{p-k}' class='latex' /> is divisible by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%5E2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p^2' title='p^2' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cforall+1%5Cleq+k+%3C+p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;forall 1&#92;leq k &lt; p' title='&#92;forall 1&#92;leq k &lt; p' class='latex' /> </p>
<p>and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=c%5Ep&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='c^p' title='c^p' class='latex' /> is also divisible by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%5E2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p^2' title='p^2' class='latex' /> since <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p+%5Cgeq+2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p &#92;geq 2' title='p &#92;geq 2' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Hence <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='n' title='n' class='latex' /> is divisible by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' />, that means <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Ep-b%5Ep%7D%7Bp%5E2%7D+&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=111111&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p^2} ' title='&#92;displaystyle&#92;frac{a^p-b^p}{p^2} ' class='latex' /> is an integer</p>
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		<title>四色定理</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Apr 2010 09:27:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mathfat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[雜記]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[four color theorem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GRAPH THEOREY]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[在維基百科【四色定理】上看到最後一段寫著語意不通順的文字(應該是機器翻譯過後複製貼上) 定理證明了四色經典的方式由俄羅斯數學家 Gorbatov V. A. 1964。短版證明（高達 1頁）Chechulin V. L. 2006年發表。(http://www.uresearch.psu.ru/files/articles/17_89592.doc) 對四色定理有莫名偏執的我馬上點了連結，不過連結失效。而我用 『17_89592.doc』 Google 過後發現只有少數幾個連結，然後在這裡透過 Google 翻譯，我大概猜出上面這件事情應該是有個叫 Gorbatov V. A. 的數學家在 1964 年證明出四色定理(就目前已知的情況來說他的證明是錯的)，然後 Chechulin V. L. 在 2006 年把它簡化然後重新投稿到某個期刊上，結果被接受了。接著維基百科【四色定理】就被加了這段文章。 BTW 現在又多我一個網頁有這個連結了。<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mathfat.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3030659&amp;post=335&amp;subd=mathfat&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>在<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9B%9B%E8%89%B2%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">維基百科【四色定理】</a>上看到最後一段寫著語意不通順的文字(應該是機器翻譯過後複製貼上)<br />
<blockquote>定理證明了四色經典的方式由俄羅斯數學家 Gorbatov V. A. 1964。短版證明（高達 1頁）Chechulin V. L. 2006年發表。(http://www.uresearch.psu.ru/files/articles/17_89592.doc)</p></blockquote>
<p>對四色定理有莫名偏執的我馬上點了連結，不過連結失效。而我用 『17_89592.doc』 Google 過後發現只有少數幾個連結，然後在<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2/%D0%92%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2/2009/12">這裡</a>透過 Google 翻譯，我大概猜出上面這件事情應該是有個叫 Gorbatov V. A. 的數學家在 1964 年證明出四色定理(就目前已知的情況來說他的證明是錯的)，然後 Chechulin V. L. 在 2006 年把它簡化然後重新投稿到某個期刊上，結果被接受了。接著<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9B%9B%E8%89%B2%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">維基百科【四色定理】</a>就被加了這段文章。</p>
<p>BTW 現在又多我一個網頁有這個連結了。</p>
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